The National Council of Educational Research and Training has added a startup chapter to its new Class 9 Social Science textbook for 2026-27. The chapter is called “From Ideas to Startups”. It sits in the book “Understanding Society: India and Beyond, Part 2”. NCERT is the body that writes school textbooks in India.
In 30 Seconds
What changed: NCERT added a new chapter, “From Ideas to Startups”, to Class 9 Social Science.
Who it affects: Class 9 students taking Social Science in the 2026-27 session.
The examples: Lijjat Papad and hotelier Mohan Singh Oberoi carry the chapter.
Why now: It follows the new syllabus under NEP 2020 and NCF-SE 2023.
What is the new NCERT Class 9 startup chapter?
“From Ideas to Startups” is a chapter on entrepreneurship in the Class 9 Social Science book. It teaches how a business starts and grows. The book is “Understanding Society: India and Beyond, Part 2”.
The chapter was built under the National Education Policy 2020. It also follows the National Curriculum Framework for School Education 2023. The National Education Policy is India’s main school reform plan.
It asks broad questions. How does entrepreneurship affect society? How is a business plan made? What is a market, and how does an idea become an enterprise?
How does the Lijjat Papad story appear in the book?
The chapter opens with Lijjat Papad. Seven women pooled Rs 80 in borrowed money in 1959. They started on a Mumbai terrace.
That small venture grew into a large cooperative. By 2023 it had about 45,000 members. Its reported turnover was about Rs 1,600 crore.
The book uses this to show one idea growing into an enterprise. It is entrepreneurship at the small, collective end.
Who was Mohan Singh Oberoi in the chapter?
The chapter also profiles Mohan Singh Oberoi. He was born in Punjab in 1898. He began work as a hotel desk clerk on Rs 50 a month.
Oberoi mortgaged his wife’s jewellery to buy his first hotel. He went on to build one of India’s largest hotel chains. The book places him at the big end of enterprise.
What does the book say about India’s startup growth?
The book says India had around 350 to 400 startups about a decade ago. It says the ecosystem has grown to nearly 2.3 lakh enterprises. It calls India the world’s third largest startup ecosystem.
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Read that figure with care. The 2.3 lakh counts enterprises recognised under a wide government definition from 2016. So it is not the same “startup” the earlier count meant. Part of the jump is a change in what gets counted.
The chapter also notes India’s 120-plus unicorns. A unicorn is a startup valued at over one billion dollars.
What six contributions of business does the chapter list?
The chapter lists six contributions a business makes to society. Students are asked to learn them.
| Contribution | What it means |
|---|---|
| Employment and income | Jobs and earnings for people |
| Goods and services | Things people need and use |
| Paying taxes | Money for the government |
| Promoting innovation | New ideas and products |
| Quality of life | Better living for people |
| Corporate social responsibility | Business giving back to society |
The chapter also teaches the basics of running a business. Students learn to read a market and spot an opportunity. They learn to plan before spending money.
Is this chapter in the Class 9 exam syllabus for 2026-27?
Class 9 ki board exam mein ye startup chapter aayega kya?
Yes. The chapter is in the Class 9 Social Science textbook for the 2026-27 session. So it is part of this year’s course for students using the new book. Check your school’s exact syllabus list with your teacher, as schools confirm chapter weightage each term.
Frequently Asked Questions
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Last verified: October 4, 2026
Disclaimer: Syllabus details, chapter weightage and exam rules can change without notice. Check with NCERT or your school before you act.
